Understanding Matrix Structures - 1065 Words

Module 5 Critical Thinking: Understanding Matrix Structures An organization’s capacity for responding effectively to dynamic change derives from a synergistic combination of people, processes, and flexible organizational structures (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, Konopaske, 2009). The flexibility of an organization’s structure depends on the relationships that determine organizational workflow, authority and communication (Covin, Slevin, Schultz, 1994). As an example, this paper describes a matrix structure, offers recommendations for its use, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a matrix relative to the need for organizational flexibility and responsiveness. The Matrix Structure A matrix structure can be thought of as†¦show more content†¦For example, information needed from various functions for completing a project can be exchanged more efficiently when horizontal channels are used. A further advantage of horizontal linkages arises from an increased organizational capability for coping with the high information overload that accompanies change by enabling the sharing of processing resources (Larson Gobeli, 1987). These lateral linkages also increase organizational flexibility and responsiveness by enabling the rapid acquisition and deployment of scarce human and technical resources (Ford Randolph, 1992). For example, the ability to dispatch specialized technical knowledge on demand for resolution of a problem anywhere along the project dimension increases overall technical quality and responsiveness. The very same characteristics that are seen as advantages of a matrix also present numerous disadvantages, which can potential ly diminish the level of organizational flexibility and responsiveness to change (Ford Randolph, 1992). The duality of a matrix tends to create ambiguity and conflict in terms of identifying the lines of authority and responsibility for organizational decision-making (Larson Gobeli, 1987). In addition, the confusing ambiguity of a dual reporting relationship often forces employees to reconcile conflicting responsibilities and priorities, which, in turn, causes considerable stress, diminished motivation and commitment, and increased resistance to change (Ford Randolph,Show MoreRelatedThe Principal Reasons Why Management Has Become Such A Popular Business Tool1118 Words   |  5 Pageslikely shift leads among others. I would be expected to come up, as a team, with a plan to enact this change, gather resources, and execute the plan. 3. Describe the basic elements of the project life cycle. Why is an understanding of the project life cycle relevant for understanding project management? (Objective 1.4) The project life cycle includes the stages of the project’s development. 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U.s. History During The Colonial Period - 928 Words

One of the most significant events in U.S. history during the late colonial period was the Boston Tea Party. After the Boston Massacre in spring of 1770, all of the Townshend acts had been repealed except the tea tax, and tensions went down, for the most part, between the colonists and the British. Two years later, however, the Gaspee incident and consequent formation of the Committee of Correspondence brought the tension back, to an alarming degree. Then in 1773, when Lord North tried to help the British East India Company by allowing them to export tea to America without paying taxes, many colonists were furious. The price reduction in the tea was rightly seen as both a sneaky business tactic, and an attempt to pacify the colonies so Britain could continue taxing them unfairly. By December 16th of that year, a group of Patriots in Boston made a decision that turned out to have monumental consequences: Dressed as Mohawks, the rebels destroyed an entire shipment of British tea, throw ing over 300 chests of it overboard as other colonists cheered. Lord North and King George were furious and determined that â€Å"the colonists must either submit or triumph† (Tindall and Shi 128). This so-called â€Å"Tea Party† led to the creation of the Coercive Acts. Enacted by Parliament in 1774, they were designed to punish the rebels by setting harsh restrictions and rules. 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History And Significance Of The Mona Lisa Arts Essay Example For Students

History And Significance Of The Mona Lisa Arts Essay Mona Lisa is a sixteenth century painting made from oil and popular wood. Due to the picture s mystique and proficient enigma, it is one of the universe s most celebrated pictures. Mona Lisa besides known as La Joconde or La Giocondo was made by a Renaissance Man , an Italian creative person known as Leonardo Da Vinci ( Sassoon, 2002 ) .The picture was subsequently bought by the France King at that clip King Francois. Mona Lisa soon hangs in the museum in Musee de Louvre, Paris and is presently a Gallic Government belongings. Many theories have been brought up sing the adult female sitting on the picture and the painting itself. The picture has been reproduced and can be found at about every museum. THE MONA LISA History Harmonizing to Vasari Leonardo fist took four old ages to do the picture after which he set it aside ( Barolsky 22 ) . He thenceforth moved to France to paint at Clos Luc e upon King Francoise petition. Where he resumed working on the Mona Lisa. It took Leonardo three more old ages to finish the picture. The painting harmonizing to Farago ( 1999 ) is said to hold been commissioned by Francesco Del Giocondo, a affluent silk merchandiser and his married woman Lisa. In malice of the uninterrupted argument. It is common belief that the lady in the portrayal could every bit good be Lisa Del Giocondo. The twosome requested the picture at the birth of their 2nd kid since they wanted it for their place ( Van Dyke, 2008 ) . A contrasting theory suggests Da Vinci did non paint a image of a adult female but his ain portrayal in feminine vesture. Mona Lisa picture shows a adult female whose facial look is puzzling. The half-length portrayal shows a adult female who is staring at the spectator with a smiling ( Farago 184 ) . The smiling has raised many inquiries with many people reasoning that the smiling has a concealed enigma. Most people who had seen the portrayal say that her eyes follow person across the room if you gaze at her. The picture has been an object of continual captivation due to equivocal look of the adult female, the half-figure composing monumentality, the atmospheric illusionism and the elusive mold signifiers ( Sassoon, 2002 ) . Da Vinci used a rare design of a pyramid to put Mona Lisa calmly and merely in the picture s infinite. On the front corner of the pyramid, he placed the signifier of her folded custodies. Lighting was good used as her cervix, chest and face freshness with similar visible radiation as the 1 that theoretical accounts her custodies ( Van Dyke, 2008 ) . Da Vinci used the expression use d for the image of sitting Madonna that was popular at that clip to make the sitting female figure. He used a alteration of this expression whereby he created a distance between the perceiver and the seated adult female through ocular feeling ( Farago 216 ) . Significance Mona Lisa and the spectator are divided utilizing the armrest of the chair. Mona Lisa shows a reserved position as she sits markedly unsloped her weaponries folded across the thorax. She welcomes a soundless communicating to the perceiver through her regard, which is invariably fixed to the spectator. The spectator is greatly attracted to Mona Lisa s face by the brilliantly illuminated face that is framed practically by darker elements of the head covering, hair and the shadows. Da Vinci created Mona Lisa in such a manner that her composing will arouse an equivocal consequence to the perceiver. The picture shows a godly animal with a batch of enigma ( Farago, 1999 ) . The perceiver is attracted to her but her deity and enigma creates a distance. The picture depicts no sort of duologue between the adult female and the perceiver ( Van dyke 268 ) . .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 , .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 .postImageUrl , .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 , .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1:hover , .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1:visited , .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1:active { border:0!important; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1:active , .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1 .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u554b64ef35052ecbb06b4116d2b701e1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Our Town Persuasive EssayMONA LISA AND FASHION DESIGN Mona Lisa s vesture indicated the manner design of that clip ( Titians ) which was good designed to accommodate her personality, her societal position and physical status ( Barolsky 78 ) . Mona Lisa is a figure of a adult female, dressed in the manner of her yearss known as Florentine manner. The picture represents Lisa Del Giocondo a married woman to a Florentine silk merchandiser who was affluent ( Farago 202 ) . Therefore her dressing represents category and wealth. Her dressing signify brilliant mystery and enigma particularly the dark silk wrappings. The Florentine manner worn by Mona Lisa presents a challenge to the modern manner design some want to retroflex her costume. Her garment which is made of sheer dark silk has some gathers around the cervix ( Barolsky 93 ) . The garment has loose arms that roll back at the elbow embellishment or gold plait fixingss at the cervix. Beneath her garment seems to be a good structured garment that supports her bosom. A strip of white gather ed cloth is seeable beneath silk ravishing at her left shoulder. Further at the shoulder are arms that have a different colour from the remainder of the garment tied to an unseeable garment ( Van dyke 63 ) . Mona Lisa is have oning a head covering made from finest black silk. The head covering is stopped from falling by a line at the dorsum of her caput. Mona Lisa manner of dressing and manner had several contentions. The white linen that was seeable from the shoulder suggested that she had worn a shimmy beneath. Her outer garments showed a type of garment known as guarnello which was made of linen worn by pregnant adult females and kids of those yearss. Mona Lisa had made such a garment made of silk ( Van dyke 208 ) . When Leonardo made the picture Francesco and Lisa were observing the birth of their 3rd kid. It is hence really important in the type of Lisa s dressing. The usage of the fabulous sheer silk frock, the gauze on her shoulders portrays wealth and publicity of Francesca s concern ( Sassoon 108 ) . Leonardo district attorney Vinci made Mona Lisa vesture design to fit with her pregnant organic structure and her societal position as a married woman to a affluent silk merchandiser. Leonardo explains his design and the grounds why he used the specific stuffs. The gown was made from black silk damask so that it would non demo through the guarnello which was made of sheer silk ( Van Dyke, 229 ) . To demo that the adult female was late pregnant, da Vinci used black velvet sets to inch and frost-fasten it. Her bodice was lightly boned and stiffened and so linen lined and fastened with hidden rings. A individual thread was drawn from the bodice and a pleated trained skirt and cartridge pleated to it. During the clip adult females were have oning full shimmy with raglan cut arms and gathered neckline ( Herald, 1981 ) . This could be indicated through picture such as Titian s The Woman with the Mirror . Leonardo decided to utilize a less full shimmy which was less bulky. The Titian s ad ult females besides wore sashes which Leonardo used to turn up the sheer silk guarnello and pull in the gathers in order to give the gown in painting a controlled signifier ( Sassoon 88 ) . The major facet that measures female beauty is physical attraction which specifically covers manner design. Mona Lisa was one of Da Vinci s legion plants which is a chef-doeuvre to wonder at to day of the month. The image of Mona Lisa has besides been used to day of the month to decorate many magazines, objects such as cups and keepsakes among others ( Farago 267 ) . Da Vinci s work has challenged manner design industry particularly is building and couture executing. A good manner interior decorator does non necessitate to merely be artistic but besides a critical mind. Most people argue that Leonardo district attorney Vinci created a image of himself as a adult female and from what can be seen he was a good manner ( Barolsky 73 ) . .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd , .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd .postImageUrl , .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd , .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd:hover , .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd:visited , .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd:active { border:0!important; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd:active , .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u94a0d6e72408fb56d6be1c209d7783fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sometimes a Shining Moment: Good Teachers/ Bad Tea EssayHarmonizing to Farago ( 1999 ) Leonardo district attorney Vinci through the Mona Lisa painting creates a challenge to the modern interior decorators particularly in manner. Fashion design involves holding an built-in endowment and passion for manner. Fashion design is known to be the art of planing and chalk outing attractive and beautiful frocks ( Sassoon 188 ) .A good manner interior decorator should hold traits that are important in order to bring forth model designs. The figure of Mona Lisa is said to be one of the model antediluvian plants because district attorney Vinci used the right stuffs to plan it. Van Dyke ( 2008 ) competently states that taking the right stuffs plays a really important function because even if a interior decorator is good on paper, utilizing substandard incorrect stuffs could ensue to a deficient design. The perfect manner that Leonardo has combined the rare design of a pyramid and sfumato to make Mona Lisa indicates that a good interior decorator should be an expert in blending colourss and designs ( Van Dyke, 266 ) . Da Vinci portrays that a interior decorator should hold an aesthetic sense such that he/she can chance with colourss. A good interior decorator should be reasonable plenty to plan something that is suited for the client s organic structure type and personality. Da Vinci portrays this character by painting a image of Lisa Del Giocondo ( Barolsky 63 ) . Decision Mona Lisa was one of Da Vinci s legion plants, which is a chef-doeuvre to wonder at to day of the month. Mona Lisa, which hangs on the walls of Musee de Louvre presently, depicts a feminine mystique of a cryptic adult female. Although contentions have risen over the individuality of the adult female on the picture and the significance of the picture, many art historiographers and bookmans have appreciated Mona Lisa s tremendous success. Peoples from all over the universe frequently gaze and admiration at the cryptic and smiling picture of Mona Lisa. Mona Lisa besides means Lisa, of bare supercilium . The image of Mona Lisa has besides been used to decorate many magazines, objects such as cups and keepsakes among others.